Mother’s death in NYC fire is ruled a suicide
A single mother who died in a mysterious fire with her four children committed suicide and her teenage son's death was a homicide, the medical examiner ruled Thursday, clearing up questions about whether the boy had been responsible for the deaths.
Leisa Jones died from smoke inhalation in the mysterious blaze at her Staten Island home last week in a case briefly believed to be an accidental fire before it became a homicide investigation.
Firefighters responding early July 22 found the charred bodies of Jones and two daughters, ages 7 and 10, in a front room, and that of her 14-year-old son, C.J., slumped over a bed in a back bedroom. A 2-year-old son pulled out alive died at a hospital of smoke inhalation.
Police said later that day that the throats of the two girls and C.J. had been slashed. They also said a razor had been found under C.J.'s body and that he had a history of playing with fire. It was theorized that he might have killed his family, set the blaze and cut his own throat.
But an initial round of autopsies found that Jones and C.J. both had ingested some type of drug, according to two law enforcement officials.
Also, a badly damaged note with the words "am sorry" that was found in an another room was written by Jones. It remained unclear whether it was a suicide note, but that discovery — combined with the initial drug evidence — led to suspicions she killed her children.
The pills did not cause their deaths. C.J. died from his neck wound and his death was ruled a homicide, said Ellen Borakove, spokeswoman for the city medical examiner's office.
Related info :
Suicide (Latin suicidium, from sui caedere, "to kill oneself") is the term used for the deliberate self-destruction by a living being, resulting in their own death. Such actions are typically characterised as being made out of despair, or attributed to some underlying mental disorder which includes depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, alcoholism and drug abuse.[1] Financial difficulties, interpersonal relationships and other undesirable situations play a significant role.[2]
Over one million people commit suicide every year. The World Health Organization estimates that it is the thirteenth-leading cause of death worldwide.[3] It is a leading cause of death among teenagers and adults under 35.[4][5] There are an estimated 10 to 20 million non-fatal attempted suicides every year worldwide.[6]
Views on suicide have been influenced by broader cultural views on existential themes such as religion, honor, and the meaning of life. The Abrahamic religions consider suicide an offense towards God due to religious belief in the sanctity of life. In the West it was often regarded as a serious crime. Conversely, during the samurai era in Japan, seppuku was respected as a means of atonement for failure or as a form of protest. In the 20th century, suicide in the form of self-immolation has been used as a form of protest, and in the form of kamikaze and suicide bombing as a military or terrorist tactic. Sati is a Hindu funeral practice in which the widow would immolate herself on her husband's funeral pyre, either willingly, or under pressure from the family and in-laws.[7]
Medically assisted suicide (euthanasia, or the right to die) is currently a controversial ethical issue involving people who are terminally ill, in extreme pain, or have (perceived or construed) minimal quality of life through injury or illness. Self-sacrifice for others is not always considered suicide, as the goal is not to kill oneself but to save another; however, Émile Durkheim's theory termed such acts "altruistic suicide."[
Workers in NYC begin to dismantle ground zero ship
Plank by plank, archeologists on Monday began the delicate process of dismantling a section of an 18th century ship that was found buried across the street from the World Trade Center site.
Each plank will be freeze-dried so that the fragmentary hull can eventually be reassembled and put on display, said Nichole Doub, head conservator for the Maryland Archeological Conservation Laboratory.
The 32-foot section of the nameless vessel was found earlier this month as workers were excavating for the rebuilt World Trade Center's parking garage.
The archeologists who carefully began taking it apart said they were thrilled by the historic find.
"This is my first ship. I've been doing archeology in New York City for almost 30 years," said Diane Dallal, director of archeology for AKRF, an environmental, engineering and planning consulting firm that is working on the project.
AP
The section of the ship lay bathed in water and shielded from the sun by a tarp strung up on poles. Doub said the timber has to be kept wet or it will warp.
Each plank was labeled so conservators will know its precise location in the wreckage. The members of the conservation team then picked up each plank, measured it and wrapped it in layers of moisture-preserving insulation. The process of dismantling the ship was expected to take two to four days.
Debris found under the timbers gets placed on a screen and hosed off. The water-screening process, which evokes images of prospectors panning for gold, is the best way to separate artifacts from the mud they were buried in, Dallal said. Items like coins and buttons could yield clues to the ship's past, she said.
Historians believe the ship had been junked by the time it was used around 1810 as landfill to extend the shores of lower Manhattan. The ship's exact age will be determined by lab analysis.
Warren Riess, a historian at the University of Maine whose specialty is 18th-century ships, said the buried fragment appeared to be the ship's bow. "It's probably something that was like a coastal schooner or brigantine or sloop," he said.
Riess said the ship likely sailed from New York to Boston or to Virginia or Barbados carrying goods such as flour, bricks or hay.
"A merchant ship, a jack of all trade — that's my first guess," he said. "It's the kind of ship that made New York, when you think about it."
The ship was found partially intact because the dirt it was buried in preserved it. Riess said the ship is an important find because no one would have bothered to save such a commonplace vessel 200 years ago. "Nobody wrote about it, nobody made drawings of it," he said.
The discovery of the ship's rotting timbers 20 feet below street level in a spot surrounded by office towers suggests Manhattan's long history as a hub of commerce.
"The Dutch set it up as a trading post and what is it today?" Riess said. "It's the world's biggest, greatest trading post, isn't it?"
Related info :
The region was inhabited by the Lenape Native Americans at the time of its European discovery in 1524[17] by Giovanni da Verrazzano, an Italian explorer in the service of the French crown, who named it "Nouvelle Angoulême" (New Angoulême).[18] European settlement began with the founding of a Dutch fur trading settlement, later called "Nieuw Amsterdam" (New Amsterdam), on the southern tip of Manhattan in 1614. Dutch colonial Director-General Peter Minuit purchased the island of Manhattan from the Lenape in 1626 for a value of 60 guilders[19] (about $1000 in 2006);[20] a disproved legend says that Manhattan was purchased for $24 worth of glass beads.[21][22]
In 1664, the city was surrendered to the English and renamed "New York" after the English Duke of York and Albany.[23] At the end of the Second Anglo-Dutch War the Dutch gained control of Run (then a much more valuable asset) in exchange for the English controlling New Amsterdam (New York) in North America. Several intertribal wars among the Native Americans and some epidemics brought on by the arrival of the Europeans caused sizable population losses for the Lenape between the years 1660 and 1670.[24] By 1700, the Lenape population had diminished to 200.[25] In 1702, city lost 10% of its population to yellow fever.[26] New York underwent no less than seven important yellow fever epidemics from 1702 to 1800.[27]
New York City grew in importance as a trading port while under British rule. The city hosted the influential John Peter Zenger trial in 1735, helping to establish the freedom of the press in North America. In 1754, Columbia University was founded under charter by George II of Great Britain as King's College in Lower Manhattan.[28] The Stamp Act Congress met in New York in October of 1765 as the Sons of Liberty organized in the city, skirmishing over the next ten years with British troops stationed there.
AP sources: Drug traces in mother, son in NYC fire
Investigators say a New York City mother and son who died in a suspected murder-suicide and arson had ingested some type of drug.
Two law enforcement officials told The Associated Press on Monday there were traces of drugs in the bodies of Leisa Jones and her 14-year-old son. The officials spoke on condition of anonymity because further tests were pending.
Police are trying to determine whether the mother or the teen caused the five deaths in a torched Staten Island apartment. The mother had penned a note found in the apartment saying "am sorry."
Jones, her son and two young daughters were found dead early Thursday after firefighters responded to the blaze. Their throats had been slit. A 2-year-old boy died at the hospital of smoke inhalation.
Related info :
As of the census[2] of 2000, there were 7,524 people, 2,951 households, and 1,590 families residing in the city. The population was 7,524 at the 2000 census, and has since been estimated at 7,296 [1] in 2003, and at 6,985 [2] in 2006. These numbers include the approximately 500 residents of the local Hudson Correctional Facility. Recent population declines may be attributable to real estate trends in which retirees, young couples, childless couples, singles and weekenders have been gradually replacing larger families and converting apartment buildings to single-family homes, as the number of unoccupied homes and tax delinquency has declined.
The population density was 1,338.7/km² (3,468.2/sq mi). There were 3,347 housing units at an average density of 595.5/km² (1,542.8/sq mi). The racial makeup of the city was 64.29% White, 24.02% African American, 0.28% Native American, 2.84% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 4.15% from other races, and 4.41% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.41% of the population.
There were 2,951 households out of which 28.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 29.4% were married couples living together, 19.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 46.1% were non-families. 39.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 3.00.
In the city the population was spread out with 23.7% under the age of 18, 9.4% from 18 to 24, 30.0% from 25 to 44, 21.0% from 45 to 64, and 16.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 106.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.6 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $24,279, and the median income for a family was $27,594. Males had a median income of $26,274 versus $22,598 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,759. About 23.8% of families and 25.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 37.7% of those under age 18 and 13.9% of those age 65 or over.
New bridge arrives in NYC after float down Hudson
A prefabricated 350-foot-long bridge that will replace a 109-year-old span across the Harlem River arrived Monday aboard two barges that were pushed and pulled by tugboats.
The 2,400-ton swing bridge passed under the Brooklyn Bridge at 8 a.m., on its way to its home, just south of the old Willis Avenue Bridge. The new bridge will be tied up to the shoreline until it is installed, beginning in two weeks. The city Department of Transportation hopes to have traffic rolling across the span in November.
The new bridge connecting Upper Manhattan and the South Bronx will replace a span that opened in 1901 and carries more than 70,000 vehicles a day. The existing Willis Avenue Bridge will remain open to traffic as the new span is floated into place atop foundations and piers.
The new bridge was built for the transportation department at a privately owned port in Coeymans, near Albany. Two weeks ago, a marine transportation crew loaded the finished span onto the barges that were welded together for the 130-mile trip down the Hudson River to a dock in Bayonne, N.J.
On Monday, the span was hauled from Bayonne 15 miles north through the East River to its final destination.
The last leg of the journey was via the East River because the load's height, 82 feet from the barges' decks to the bridge's top crossbeam, was too tall for the low bridges over the narrow Harlem River.
Getting 4.8 million pounds of steel onto the barges two weeks ago required four 50-foot-long steel ramps connecting the vessels' decks to the docks. The move was timed to the peak of high tide. The 4 1/2-hour process involved precise measuring of the height of the tide and pumping ballast water through the barges to keep them level with the dock.
All the heavy lifting was carried out by a crew from Mammoet, a Dutch company that specializes in moving extraordinarily large objects. Its past projects include raising the Russian submarine Kursk after it was sunk by an explosion a decade ago, and transporting the 400-foot-long, 5.5-million pound new Providence River Bridge 12 miles up Rhode Island's Narragansett Bay in August 2006.
Barend Schuring, Mammoet's project manager for the bridge job, said each barge was 180 feet long and, when welded together, had a total width of 108 feet.
A crew from Weeks Marine Inc. was handling the bridge transportation in a joint venture with the Kiewit Corp., the Omaha, Neb.-based construction company contracted by New York City for the $612 million bridge replacement project.
Related info :
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 6.0 km² (2.3 sq mi). 5.6 km² (2.2 sq mi) of it is land and 0.4 km² (0.2 sq mi) of it (6.47%) is water.
Hudson is located on what began as a spit of land jutting into the Hudson River between the South Bay and North Bay, now both largely filled and partially degraded by industrial-era waste.
Across the Hudson River lies the town of Athens and Greene County, New York; a ferry connected the two municipalities during much of the 19th century. Between them lies Middle Ground Flats, a former sandbar that grew due to both natural silting and also from dumping the spoils of dredging; today it is inhabited by deer and a few occupants of quasi-legal summer shanties.
Falling branch kills baby in NYC’s Central Park
A 6-month-old baby was killed Saturday and her mother injured by a falling tree branch at New York's Central Park Zoo.
Police said the 33-year-old New Jersey woman was posing with her baby in front of the sea lion exhibit and her husband was taking their picture when the branch fell.
The woman and infant were taken to NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, where the baby was pronounced dead. The mother was listed in stable condition.
Police identified the baby as Gianna Ricciutti of Union City, N.J.
Max Pulsinelli, a spokesman for the Wildlife Conservation Society, which runs the zoo, said he could not comment on the accident beyond what the police had said.
"Our thoughts and prayers are with the family," he said.
It's the second fatality caused by a tree branch this year at Central Park.
A 46-year-old man died in February when a branch heavy from snow fell and hit him.
In July 2009, a Google engineer was knocked unconscious after being hit on the head by a rotted tree branch at the park.
Legal facts :
Great differences exist between Louisianan civil law and common law found in all other American states. While many differences have been bridged due to the strong influence of common law, the "civilian" tradition is still deeply rooted in Louisiana private law and in some parts of criminal law.
One often-cited distinction is that while common law courts are bound by stare decisis and tend to rule based on precedents, judges in Louisiana rule based on their own interpretation of the law[3]. This distinction is not terribly crisp, though. Civil law has its own parallel respect for established precedent, the doctrine of jurisprudence constante.
Property, contractual, business entities structure, much of civil procedure, and family law are still strongly influenced by traditional Roman legal thinking. Louisiana law retains terms and concepts unique in American law: usufruct, forced heirship, redhibition, and lesion beyond moiety are a few examples.
In commercial law, the 49 other states have completely adopted the Uniform Commercial Code standardizing the rules of commercial transactions. Louisiana enacted most provisions of the UCC, except for Article 2, which is inconsistent with civil law traditions governing the sale of goods. Louisiana also refers to the major subdivisions of the UCC as “chapters” instead of articles, since the term “articles” is used in that state to refer to provisions of the Louisiana Civil Code.
Legal careers are also molded by the differences. Legal education, the bar exam, and standards of legal practice in Louisiana are significantly different from other states. The Multistate Bar Examination is not administered in Louisiana, and reciprocity for lawyers from other states is not available.
Ex-NYC top cop begins federal prison term in Md.
Former New York City police Commissioner Bernard Kerik, who was proclaimed a hero after the 2001 World Trade Center attacks, reported to federal prison Monday to begin a four-year sentence for tax fraud, lying to the White House and other felonies.
He went behind bars as inmate No. 84888-054 at the Cumberland Federal Correctional Institution in Cumberland, Md., said Felicia Ponce, spokeswoman for the Bureau of Prisons. She said Kerik, 54, reported at about 1:45 p.m., 15 minutes ahead of his deadline.
Before showing up at the prison, the feisty former commissioner issued a statement saying he had been wronged.
In a statement dated Sunday and posted on his website, Kerik said he could not remain silent "in the face of what I believe has been a grave injustice." He complained about the judge and prosecutors and said he pleaded guilty because he was "financially helpless" and could have spent a year behind bars just awaiting trial.
He said he hoped the "injustice" would be remedied on appeal and he would be returned to his wife and his 7- and 10-year-old daughters "much sooner rather than later."
Kerik's steely resolve as he stood with his mentor, Mayor Rudolph Giuliani, after the 9/11 attacks won him worldwide fame. His career peaked three years later when he was nominated by President George W. Bush to lead the Department of Homeland Security.
While he was being vetted, however, questions were raised about his finances and associations, and he bowed out of the nomination. He later admitted in court that he lied when he denied having any financial dealings with anyone doing business with New York City.
Kerik pleaded guilty in November to eight felonies. When he was sentenced in February, White Plains federal Judge Stephen Robinson said Kerik had used 9/11 "for personal gain and aggrandizement." The judge went beyond federal sentencing guidelines, which suggested two to three years in prison, because of what he called "the almost operatic proportions of this case."
After his sentencing, Kerik apologized to the nation and said he hoped history would take into account the "30 years of service I've given to the country and the city of New York."
In a television interview last month, Kerik said he stopped speaking with Giuliani in 2006, as the former mayor began running for president, to protect him. He added, however, "We will be friends for life."
Kerik said on his website that he recently watched the movie "Rocky Balboa" with his daughters to illustrate "the principles of courage, strength and perseverance" in anticipation of his imprisonment.
He said he told the girls, "It is time to move forward."
Ponce said Kerik would have his photo and fingerprints taken, undergo physical and psychological exams and be assigned to a housing unit at the 1,500-inmate prison.
Related information:
A prison (from Old French prisoun)[1] is a place in which people are physically confined and, usually, deprived of a range of personal freedoms. Other terms are penitentiary, correctional facility, and jail (or gaol), although in the United States "jail" and "prison" refer to different subtypes of correctional facility. Prisons are conventionally institutions which form part of the criminal justice system of a country, such that imprisonment or incarceration is a legal penalty that may be imposed by the state for the commission of a crime.
A criminal suspect who has been charged with or is likely to be charged with criminal offense may be held on remand in prison if he is denied or unable to meet conditions of bail, or is unable or unwilling to post bail. A criminal defendant may also be held in prison while awaiting trial or a trial verdict. If found guilty, a defendant will be convicted and may receive a custodial sentence requiring imprisonment.
As well as convicted or suspected criminals, prisons may be used for internment of those not charged with a crime. Prisons may also be used as a tool of political repression to detain political prisoners, prisoners of conscience, and "enemies of the state", particularly by authoritarian regimes. In times of war or conflict, prisoners of war may also be detained in prisons. A prison system is the organizational arrangement of the provision and operation of prisons, and depending on their nature, may invoke a corrections system. Although people have been imprisoned throughout history, they have also regularly been able to perform prison escapes.
A 13,000-mile drive south: NYC to Argentina
It was just like driving to work, except that I kept on going: From New York to Argentina, through 12 countries, for four months and more than 13,000 miles.
It's the first leg of my overland trip around the world, an expedition that I consider the last true adventure on earth. From Buenos Aires, I will ship my car to Africa, fly across to meet it, and continue the drive, heading north to Europe, east to Asia, and finally, later this year, returning to North America.
My adventure began Nov. 15 when I gave up my apartment, quit my job as art director for The Associated Press, and set off in a '96 Toyota Land Cruiser outfitted with a rooftop tent, fridge, stove and portable toilet.
Since then, I've driven through jungles, mountains and fog, across dirt roads, desert sand and salt fields. Crooked cops tried to shake me down and bad maps led me to places where the road disappeared.
I saw monkeys in the Costa Rican rainforest, pink flamingos in Bolivia, and herds of llamas in Peru, along with pigs the size of ponies. I camped on beaches in Nicaragua so beautiful and remote that you forget you have to go back to civilization one day. I visited the Mayan ruins of Copan in Honduras, ancient tombs and painted caves in Tierradentro, Colombia, and the Spanish colonial city of Quito, Ecuador.
A story about the trip that appeared in newspapers and Web sites before I left resulted in thousands of comments on chat boards, hundreds of e-mails to me, and scores of invitations. I am grateful for the kindness, generosity and hospitality of so many strangers who provided meals and a place to sleep. Notes I posted on a Land Cruiser message board also brought people out to help. It was nice to see that there is a real community behind all these electronic messages on the Internet.
But a few offers I turned down — one from a cable TV crew that wanted to accompany me and another from a company that wanted to pay me to wear a certain jacket throughout the trip.
Many well-wishers keep track of my trip through my blog, TransWorldExpedition.com, where I post updates and photos from the road. One e-mail I received included a marriage proposal for my traveling companion, Nadia Hubschwerlin. Nadia is a childhood friend; we are not romantically tied. In my blog, I told her suitor: "I will be glad to be the witness at her wedding as long as you are a decent guy."
It was chilly in New York when we started out, but we drove away from the cold weather, heading south on highways that roughly followed the Appalachian Trail to Georgia. We stopped in New Orleans (I am French and I wish that France had never sold Louisiana), then crossed the border from Texas to Mexico and drove southeast through Central America. We drove through Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica to Panama, where the Pan-American Highway ends at the Darien Gap.
The Darien Gap, a roadless region of swamps and rainforests that stretches 90 miles to the tip of Colombia, makes it impossible to drive the entire distance to South America. So we shipped the car from Panama to Colombia and flew there to pick it up, then drove south, through Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia to Argentina.
We camped on beaches and in parks, and often got permission to sleep on farms, where there was plenty of space and where people are accustomed to seeing seasonal helpers. In Costa Rica, there were so many Americans it was like the 51st state. We were also welcomed into homes in Guatemala, where everyone seemed to have at least one relative working in the U.S.
Sometimes we paid a few dollars for a cheap hotel or camp site, other times people let us stay for free. We would park our car, drag a table out, and begin to cook before nightfall. In the morning, we would fix coffee with the delicious beans collected across the best growing areas of Central America. We bought food in markets, and our gasoline-powered stove was our best friend along the way, especially in the cold, high mountains.
In hot, dusty places, it was hard to go without showers. We bathed every few days, sometimes in a home, hotel or campground, sometimes in a lake or with buckets.
In Cusco, Peru, for $4 a person, we rented a hotel room and looked forward to a shower. Of course in the morning, there was no hot water. That became a classic situation, as hotel owners would always promise it, but you would never get it. Hot water was our Machu Picchu: Always wanted to see it, with no success. (Machu Picchu is closed due to flooding.)
But we had a wonderful visit to a Cusco food market. We drank coca leaf tea and bought a massive amount of cheese, the best we had in a long time. Peruvians are good bakers, too; the bread is similar to what you find in France.
Car trouble has been our constant enemy. In Mexico, we drove with the hood open due to overheating. In Honduras, a map misled us to a tiny village in the northern mountains where the road ended. Driving back the next day, the steering failed and we crashed. We were unhurt but the car needed parts and repairs. Eventually we drove to Managua, Nicaragua, with a damaged axle. There someone heated the metal and we bent it back as best we could.
On our way to Cusco, we got stuck in the mud for a day, and two truckers who tried to help us got stuck there too. Finally a road crew rescued us. Then as we drove beneath a hillside, we were showered with stones from a landslide above. In Bolivia, truckdrivers were staging a nationwide protest with blockades; we got through by joining a media convoy.
At every border crossing, we filled out stacks of meaningless papers, always looking for the next stamp. In a few places, police officers seeing U.S. license plates pulled us over for imaginary infractions. In Honduras, I pretended not to understand and they went away. In Mexico, a cop asked us for $5 to buy a chicken. I gave him $2 and he was happy.
In Managua, we got stopped by police 15 times; at one point I had to pay $15 when they threatened to keep my license. At the Bolivian border, we had this conversation with a customs official:
"OK, senor, everything is OK, and now you can make a contribution."
"What do you mean, I don't understand."
"Dinero?"
"I don't have any money."
"Si senor, contribution."
"So is it corruption?"
"No senor, just contribution for the office."
In the end they let me through without paying because I had no local currency.
Before leaving the U.S., I met with a fellow adventurer, Al Podell, who co-wrote a book called "Who Needs a Road?" about his own round-the-world drive in the mid-1960s. The book was a major inspiration for my trip. Al told me he was doubtful I would succeed, but he offered to hire three women armed with machine guns to protect me in Colombia. I had to decline, but the fact that he cared went straight to my heart. Al, you are the best.
We made it through Colombia OK, but safety is always on my mind. In Cusco, 10 minutes after arriving, a guy took a laptop from the trunk. I chased him and got it back. Twenty minutes later, some other dude tried to force open the trunk, fortunately with no success. We spent the rest of our time there locking and unlocking doors and paying extra attention to our surroundings.
Back in the '90s, Al and his co-author said that their 42,000-mile journey around the world "was a motor trip that cannot be repeated in our modern day and age."
As I prepare to leave South America for Africa and the rest of the trip, I am determined to prove them wrong.
(This version CORRECTS location of Copan to Honduras, not Guatemala, in 5th paragraph.)
Related information:
Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic (Spanish: República Argentina, pronounced [reˈpuβlika aɾxenˈtina]), is the second largest country in South America, constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires. It is the eighth-largest country in the world by land area and the largest among Spanish-speaking nations, though Mexico, Colombia and Spain are more populous.
Argentina's continental area is between the Andes mountain range in the west and the Atlantic Ocean in the east. It borders Paraguay and Bolivia to the north, Brazil and Uruguay to the northeast, and Chile to the west and south. Argentina claims the British overseas territories of the Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. It also claims a part of Antarctica, overlapping claims made by Chile and the United Kingdom, though all claims were suspended by the Antarctic Treaty of 1961. Argentina today is one of the G-20 major economies.
