Causes of Algal Growth
Algae growth can be seen in freshwater as well as marine bodies. Algae is typically one of the few types of phytoplankton species, that grow on such water bodies. Algae can grow in concentration of hundreds to thousands of cells per milliliter, depending upon the severeness. Algae growth is mostly seen in bright green color, but it can also take place in shades of yellow-brown or red, depending upon the types of algae species. Though, most species of algae are not harmful to the ecosystem, however a specific type called as Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB), can spread over a water surface quickly and pose harm to the plant or animal life. HAB can block sunlight that is vital for organisms to live and some types of HABs can even release toxins in the water, such toxins are very harmful for humans and animals. Hence, it is very important to learn the measures to control algal growth. This was some general information on algae types and its growth, given below are the causes of algal growth, and the control measures.
Causes of Algal Growth
Listed below, are the various factors that contribute to the algal growth.
- Algae to bloom and grow needs excessive amount of nutrients. Such nutrients are found in a water body due to a variety of sources, like most notable fish and animal waste, decaying vegetation, and run off of fertilizers from nearby pastures or farms. Such sources provide enough nitrogen and phosphorus required for algae growth.
- Too much of sunlight is another cause, that contributes to algal bloom. Ponds which receive direct sunlight, are at a higher risk of suffering from algal problems. Hence, algal problems occur during summer time when days are longest.
- Low oxygen levels is the third major cause leading to algal bloom. Oxygen level can become depleted in water bodies which are stagnant. Algae growth can form and disappear, but when little oxygen is present in the water, then there will be new cycles of living algae forming.
How to Reduce Algae Growth?
Use these measures to control excessive algae growth in the fish tank or ponds.
Controlling Algae Growth in Fish Tanks
To control the algae growth in aquarium or fish tank, make sure you don't place the tank at a place where it receives direct sunlight. Fish owners often tend to overfeed the fish, this increases the phosphate levels in the water. So, make sure you feed smaller portions of food to the fish. A great way to prevent excessive algal growth, is to keep the tank clean by changing the aquarium water regularly. Make sure the water you are using is low in phosphates. If there is algal growth on rocks, plants or other surfaces of the tank object, then remove them. Scrape the glass clean, scrub the tank objects, wash them and vacuum the gravel and then replace them back in the tank. You can also consider adding plants in the tank, which will eat up the nutrients algae use for their growth. You can also place algae eating fish like otocinclus, common pleco or Siamese flying fox, that will eat up some of the algae bloom.
Controlling Algae Growth in Ponds
There are various ways to prevent the algae growth problems occurring in a pond. You can dugout aeration systems. Aeration system tend to inhibit algal bloom, by preventing the recycling of nutrients from the bottom sediment. Barley straw is an environmentally acceptable, and inexpensive way to prevent algae growth. Proper watershed management can also greatly help to keep the algae amount in a pond under check. You can also consider using certain chemical treatment in the early stage of algae growth, like cutrine.
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These were the major causes of algae growth, and ways on preventing algae growth. So, remember the above preventive measures on controlling algae, to maintain algae free fish tanks and ponds!
Great Photography Quotes
With the introduction of digital cameras, taking photographs has become an activity which anyone can do. However, to take pictures that have a sense of meaning and beauty, it has to be done by a person who knows the art of photography. The photographer is not a person who clicks what can be seen directly, rather he is a person who has the ability to capture a picture in an aesthetic manner. For this, he makes use of different camera angles, colors, shades and lighting effects. The best way of understanding what really is photography, is by taking a look at the photography quotes and sayings by different famous photographers. So, here are some of the great as well as funny photographer quotes said by some of the famous photographers of the world. More on photography quotes and sayings.
Great Photography Quotes
- Your first 10,000 photographs are your worst. - Henri Cartier-Bresson
- You know what a camera is? A mirror with memory. - Anonymous
- Photography takes an instant out of time, altering life by holding it still. - Dorothea Lange
- A photograph is memory in the raw. - Carrie Latet
- Photography is a way of feeling, of touching, of loving. What you have caught on film is captured forever... it remembers little things, long after you have forgotten everything. - Aaron Siskind
- It is one thing to photograph people. It is another to make others care about them by revealing the core of their humanness. - Paul Strand
- Every time someone tells me how sharp my photos are, I assume that it isn't a very interesting photograph. If it were, they would have more to say. - Anonymous
- There are no rules for good photographs, there are only good photographs. - Ansel Adams
- Beauty can be seen in all things, seeing and composing the beauty is what separates the snapshot from the photograph. - Matt Hardy
- A photograph is usually looked at - seldom looked into. - Ansel Adams
- I never question what to do, it tells me what to do. The photographs make themselves with my help. - Ruth Bernhard
- There is only you and your camera. The limitations in your photography are in yourself, for what we see is what we are. - Ernst Haas
- Which of my photographs is my favorite? The one I’m going to take tomorrow. - Imogen Cunningham
- You don't take a photograph, you make it. - Ansel Adams
- I just think it's important to be direct and honest with people about why you're photographing them and what you're doing. After all, you are taking some of their soul. - Mary Ellen Mark
- A true photograph need not be explained, nor can it be contained in words. - Ansel Adams
- Photography records the gamut of feelings written on the human face, the beauty of the earth and skies that man has inherited, and the wealth and confusion man has created. It is a major force in explaining man to man. - Edward Steichen
- No photographer is as good as the simplest camera. - Edward Steichen
- You’ve got to push yourself harder. You’ve got to start looking for pictures nobody else could take. You’ve got to take the tools you have and probe deeper. - William Albert Allard
- A photograph is a secret about a secret. The more it tells you the less you know. - Diane Arbus
- There are always two people in every picture: the photographer and the viewer. - Ansel Adams
- Everyone has a photographic memory, but not everyone has film. - Anonymous
- The camera doesn't make a bit of difference. All of them can record what you are seeing. But, you have to SEE. - Ernst Haas
- A great photograph is a full expression of what one feels about what is being photographed in the deepest sense, and is, thereby, a true expression of what one feels about life in its entirety. - Ansel Adams
My portraits are more about me than they are about the people I photograph. - Richard Avedon
I always thought good photos were like good jokes. If you have to explain it, it just isn’t that good. - Anonymous
Funny Photography Quotes
- Buying a Nikon doesn't make you a photographer. It makes you a Nikon owner. - Anonymous
- People say photographs don't lie, mine do. - David LaChapelle
- The quickest way to make money at photography is to sell your camera. - Anonymous
- If you saw a man drowning and you could either save him or photograph the event...what kind of film would you use? - Anonymous
- A definition of a professional photographer: A "pro" NEVER shows anybody the mistakes. - Anonymous
- How many photographers does it take to change a light bulb? 50. One to change the bulb, and forty-nine to say, "I could have done that! - Anonymous
- First Person : "Is that camera fully automatic?" Second Person : "No. You have to take the film to the chemist! - Anonymous
- The rarest thing in the world is a woman who is pleased with photograph of herself. - Elizabeth Metcalf
- If an old man asks a young girl for a date...
That's his business.
If the young girl accepts...
That's her business.
If the old man and the girl decide to marry...
That's their business.
However, if they want great wedding photographs...
THAT'S MY BUSINESS!!! - Anonymous - Sign on studio wall
You may like to read more on:
- Basics of Photography
- Photography Tips and Techniques
- Beginners Guide to Photography
These are some of the famous photography quotes that reveal the perspective of the photographers on photography as a whole. So, go through them and understand the art of photography in a better way.
Job Description for Admin Manager
Have you ever known any organization running without administration? Definitely your answer is NO, because it's impossible for any organization to function without administration. The administration department controls every activities pertaining to smooth working of the organization. The administrative staff in admin department, is guided by a higher authority known as admin manager. He controls and organizes information and management function. Apart from these, he is also responsible to the organization in an effective co-ordination and co-operation of other departments, customers and third parties. Go through the following content to get the details about admin manager job description. Read more on admin manager duties.
Job Description for Admin Manager
Admin manager provides administrative support to various departments, dealing with the task of editing, typing, mailing and filing. He keeps in account the documentation details and every information regarding product, sales and support and expenditure of the company. Admin manager responsibilities are listed down as under.
- He should have leadership and management and decision making quality.
- He should have managerial skills and should provide necessary support and co-ordination to his subordinates.
- He must possess good observation power. He should monitor the work of back office personnel. He must check if his assistants, clerks, coders, typists are working efficiently or not.
- Admin manager responsibilities include scheduling meetings, managing work product and deadlines of his/ her subordinates.
- Admin manager duties also pertain to answering interoffice queries and communicating all operational data to management section.
- He also provides support to other departments of the organization and organizes projects of the company.
- He also hold the responsibility of reviewing office budget and managing office expenditure.
- Admin manager is also dutiful towards training his staffs and evaluating their performance as they participate towards the growth of the organization.
- He also analyzes the attendance and regularity of the working staff of the organization.
Qualities of Admin Manager
Apart from leadership and co-operative qualities, admin manager must posses every administrative qualities for uplifting the standard of the company. Get the qualities of admin manager in the following checklist. You might also like to read more on good manager qualities.
- He must have excellent communication skills, written as well as verbal, to present his views with clarity.
- He must be confident with his goals and work.
- He must posses good interpersonal skills. Sensibility, listen to others, tact and also assertiveness at times.
- He must have the ability to work within deadlines and should achieve the targets. He should possess time management skills and should be able to prioritize his task under pressure.
- He must be flexible and quick in responding to requests made at short notice period.
- He should be adaptable in the fast working environment and comfortably adjust himself in the dynamic organizational culture.
- He must be pro-active. He should have skills to initiate his own work without direction.
- He must possess the quality of self motivation and determination.
- He should have the ability to prioritize and organize his own workload within broad guidelines, most effectively and accurately.
- He must be reliable and trustworthy and should abide by company's terms and conditions.
- Over all, he must posses good organizational skills to control all administrative job responsibilities.
Education and Salary of Admin Manager
The minimum educational qualifications of admin manager requires an associate's or bachelor's degree in liberal arts, business management or human resource management. Higher degrees are also welcome for the post of admin manager. This post is highly dignified and requires several years of experience in the field of supervisory and administrative support. He must also have some degree of expertise to train his subordinate staff efficiently. Average salary of admin manager varies according to the nature of organization. Management of companies and enterprises involves US $85,980 annually while admin manager of colleges, universities and professional schools draws approximately US $72,460. Admin managers employed in general medical and surgical hospitals, local government, state government are paid within the range of US $60,500 - US $80,000. These figures imply approximate estimation of the pay scale. It can be more or less, depending upon his performance, experience and standard of the organization.
Read more on:
- Database Administrator Job Description
- Assistant manager Job Description
- Human Resource Manager Job Description
I hope I've covered every details about admin manager job description in this article. Possessing all these organizational qualities is indeed required for smooth working of any organization.
Frizzy Hair Tips
Let's get into some humor before I talk about frizzy hair styles. Have you ever touched you hair and felt that few sticks are rooted there in place of your hair? Or, has your head ever been electrocuted that let the strands of hair on your scalp stand upright? No, that cannot be a real life experience, but yeah your hair can be as dry as wooden sticks and as rough as electrocuted hair. When you have such kind of hair, it's very difficult to manage the bunch of thick frizzy fuzz on your head. Every day you might be cursing your hair, saying. 'Oh! God, how could I get rid of this dry clump, how could I get a silky lustrous mane? Is there any hair style that can manage my frizzy hair?' Chill then, here are some frizzy hair styles that can hold in your frizzy hair. Read more on frizzy hair solutions.
Before I go into the frizzy hair styles, I shall get you some frizzy hair tips, that will help you to keep your hair under your control. You can also read, how to tame frizzy hair.
Frizzy Hair Tips
Before you go for a hairdo, follow these tips to perfectly manage your frizzy hair. Get some more frizzy hair tips.
- Go to a hairdresser who is experienced in styling and designing frizzy and dry hair.
- Prefer a wet look on your hair to calm down the clumsy volume.
- Always maintain the style. Visit the salon at least once in 3 months to trim the ends.
- If you observe split ends, immediately trim it, before it does any damage to your hair.
- Avoid using razor to trim the ends of your hair.
- Always massage with oil, before you wash your hair. Apply a good conditioner after shampooing.
- Avoid styling your hair with gels, mousse or chemicals. This can give you a temporary clean look but will damage your hair completely in the long run. Get more ideas about hair masks for frizzy hair.
- Avoid using hairdryer, hair straightner or hair iron as less as possible.
- Brush your hair and take care to prevent tangles.
Frizzy Hair Styles for Men
Men with curly or wavy hair can have frizzy hair. It gives you a clumsy look and moreover gets damaged on combing every time. There are herbal hydrating creams and styling gels that can repair the damaged hair follicles and provide nourishment to your hair. Applying pure natural and herbal products have always proved to be advantageous instead of chemical hair gels. Whatever you do, getting good frizzy hair styles is the first step. Check out these frizzy haircuts.
Short haircuts tapered at the end, will reduce the length of the hair while retaining only a small part of the curls at lower edge. Keep long from the top and chop the hair over entire volume to de-bulk the thick frizzy hair. Read more on haircut styles and ideas.
Crew cut is the ideal haircut for men with absolute frizz and total dry hair. This cut requires minimal maintenance, as the hair is cut very short from the sides with a bit longer on the top. The level of shortness shall vary depending on the type you want. Read more on thick frizzy hair.
Frizzy Hair Styles for Women
Women with frizzy hair can try different hairdos to style their frizzy hair. You need to have some patience to manage your dry and frizzy hair. There are ample frizzy hair styles in vogue today. Apart from the tips, mentioned above, you need to go to a good salon to get a good cut, that will not only suit your face but also allow you to manage your hair. If you have long hair, along with a goos cut, you can braid it, bun it or do a ponytail. Use hair bands or hair claws to get a neat look.
You can get a bob done if you have short hair. Long frizzy hair can be layered out to reduce the volume. You can get a typical 'Christmas tree cut' or 'pyramid cut' to maintain your frizzy hair. The layers should be long and should begin below the chin. Channel cutting also helps to maintain frizzy hair in women. Keep the cut flat on the top of head to avoid a puffed up look. Super-short cuts gives a chic look to teens and youngsters. Know more about frizzy wavy hair.
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Please stop pondering, if you have frizzy hair. You can always manage it with these frizzy hair tips. Get the right hairdo, that will suit you, from the multiple frizzy hair styles offered in the salon.
Talcum Powder vs Baby Powder – Comparison
The common thought that pervades our mind is that, talcum powder is used by adults while baby powder is for babies. But that's not the final inference about these two types of powders. There are differences and similarities between talcum and baby powder. So read this article on 'talcum powder vs baby powder'.
When we think of baby powder vs talcum powder, it's very obvious that the pros and cons of these two powders types transcend our mind. When we compare talcum powder vs baby powder in terms of ingredients, then there's a significant difference between the both. Depending on this, the safety stick of these two types of powders is determined. Go through the next content to make your concepts clear.
Talcum Powder vs Baby Powder – Comparison
Talcum powder is composed of a mineral containing hydrated magnesium silicate. This substance is commonly known as talc. In loose for, this substance is known as talcum powder. It can be translucent and opaque or clear and lustrous. This property renders our face a shinny and glossy appearance after application of talcum powder. Other than talc, zinc stearate, magnesium silicates are also the active ingredients of talcum powder. Read more on talcum powder uses.
Baby powders are comparatively mild. It is an astringent powder and contains either talc or cornstarch. It's a rare condition that baby powder contains talc. Baby powder is gentle as it is made up of pure cornstarch with some amount of zinc oxide or sodium bicarbonate. It also contains soothing natural ingredients like, chamomile, marshmallow and calendula extracts. It also contains kaolin, bentonite, rose extract and myrrh and slippery elm extract. Arrowroot powder, tapioca starch, oat starch, aloe vera, rose clay, lavender oil and vitamin E are also found in baby powders. All these ingredients make baby powders safe for use.
Talcum Powder vs Baby Powder – Pros & Cons
When we consider the pros and cons of talcum powder vs baby powder, then it's obvious that baby powder is much safe to use. Baby powder is not only safe on babies but also on adults. Talcum powder has many disadvantages that can pose health risks.
- The chemical ingredients in talcum powder, like silicates and talc are finely ground, that are easily carried by the air and can reach our lungs.
- Talc absorbs moisture and so we use talcum powder to avoid perspiration. But this causes much damage to our skin.
- Applying talcum powder around genital areas, arm pits causes cancers and tumors. In female, it also causes ovarian cancer.
- Inhalation of talc by infants causes asphyxiation and chocking. So it's always suggested to keep talcum powder bottles away from babies and not to apply it on their mild skin to prevent diaper rash and sweat.
- Talc is not only a potent carcinogen, it also causes allergies and infection in lungs
- Talc particles are asbestos like, capable of moving through the reproductive system. They get embedded on the lining of the ovary, if applied in large excess. This finally results to ovarian cancer.
- Serious damage to lungs is caused by talc inhalation by babies. In adults, it might even lead to lung cancer.
Read more on:
- Sandalwood Powder Skin Benefits
- Acai Berry Powder Benefits
- Cosmetics
Thus, when we compare talcum powder vs baby powder, the later is always a safer option. Never use talcum powder on your baby's skin. Use homemade baby powders or a good brand baby powder, containing natural ingredients. You can also use medicated powders formulated for yourself and your baby. To have a smooth, supple and healthy skin, it's always suggested to replace talcum powder with baby powder.
Arrowroot Uses
You are just about to start some delightful crispy chicken recipe, you have all ingredients ready, except the arrowroot powder. What do you do then? No arrowroot powder at home, it's late night and shops have closed, so, just dump the crispy chicken form today's menu. But, tossing out the particular menu due to shortage of one ingredient is not always wise. And moreover, you cannot satisfy your gastronomical delight by doing so. So this time, if you run short of arrowroot, just go for the substitutes. Your chicken will be equally crispy and delicious with substitutes of arrowroot powder. Read this articles and know about arrowroot substitute.
Arrowroot Uses
Arrowroot powder has been long used as a cooking agent. It has been derived from the plant Maranta arundinacea, a West Indian plant. It is an edible starch, that is derived from roots of this plant. It is a white powder that is commonly used as a thickener in various food recipes. The pure white color of arrowroot powder is completely natural. It is also known as arrowroot flour or arrowroot starch. Catch a quick glimpse on the uses of arrowroot powder.
- Serves good in pie filling
- Can be used to make sauces
- The powder can also be used to make jellies
- Sprinkling arrowroot powder on ice-creams, prevents formation of ice crystals
- Coating arrowroot starch on fries, makes them crispy
Arrowroot substitution is possible with cornstarch. You can get the same benefits and qualities when cornstarch is used as the arrowroot substitute. Regular flour also form a substitute for arrowroot, only when used as a thickener. 2 tbsps of all-purpose flour is equivalent to 1 tbsp of arrowroot powder. Similarly, 1 tbsp of cornstarch can be substituted with 1 tbsp of arrowroot powder. Other substitutes for arrowroot are tapioca granules or instant cooling tapioca, kudzu powder and potato starch or potato flour. Read more on arrowroot vs cornstarch.
While you use the substitutes, you must also know when to use and how much quantity you should mix to get the desired taste. For your benefits, just read the next content.
How to Use Arrowroot Substitute
- If you compare arrowroot vs cornstarch, the uses vary in their own way. Cornstarch forms the best thickening agent for dairy based sauces. Arrowroot becomes, slippery when mixed with dairy products.
- In case you are thickening any acidic liquid, it's always good to use arrowroot, as cornstarch loses its potency. Know more about cornstarch substitute.
- If you want to freeze the sauce, go for tapioca or arrowroot powder as cornstarch makes it spongy.
- When you use cornstarch as a thickener, make sure you cook the food well as cornstarch often have a starchy smell.
- For instant recipes, tapioca is a good arrowroot substitute as it thickens quickly at low temperature.
- For gravies, soups, gumbos, you can use roux, instant flour, nut flour or potato flour as arrowroot substitutes.
- Arrowroot powder works great when you are preparing any dessert recipes.
- If you want to thicken meat sauce, then arrowroot is not the right choice. You must be careful while mixing the powder with the sauce. First mix with equal amount of cold water and then whisk in hot water for sometime.
Arrowroot has a beautiful, glossy appearance that imparts shine to the foods. These thickeners are fat free and good for health. Mix it well so that it doesn't form clumps. You might have heard about ClearJel or ClearJel starch. It is the only thickener approved by USDA, suitable for home canning. Before using any thickeners, read the instructions written on the pack and then mix the adequate quantity in your favorite delicacies. They also make healthy recipes. You might also like to read about bread flour substitute.
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So next time if you run short of arrowroot powder, choose any of these arrowroot substitute to make your favorite delicacies scrumptious.
How to Boost Morale of the Employees?
The morale of the employees of an organization plays an important role in their productivity and contribution to their office. Improving morale in the workplace is possible if the employers make some special effort in this regard. Boosting morale in the workplace is not a thing which can be achieved in a very short period of time. The activities and plans chalked out by the human resource managers should be implemented consistently for a prolonged period of time to see the positive results in the performance of the employees. The aim of morale boosters for work is to make the employees feel that the organization cares for their well being and progress. Given below are some morale boosters for work which the employers can implement.
How to Boost Morale of the Employees?
Good and effective workplace communication with the employees on matters related to their work in the organization is a way of boosting their morale. The seniors should make sure that they are easily approachable for all employees. They should avoid making any kind of discrimination among the employees on any grounds and treat everyone equally. Any kind of discrimination can affect the employee morale in a big way. Dialog between the management and the employees can be in form of seminars, meetings, get-together etc. Employee motivation and welfare should be the aim of these meetings. They should receive proper guidance to do their work in a better way. More on morale in the workplace.
Appreciating good work is one of the best morale boosters for work. If a person comes to know that his good work will be appreciated, then he will try his level best to meet the set performance standards. This will in turn be profitable for the organization. Rewards can be given in the forms of monetary benefits, trophies, certificates etc. Understanding the problems - both professional and personal which are faced by the employees in the course of their employment is essential for senior managers. Any issues between the management and the employees should be solved amicably. By introducing a liberal policy, the employers can help the employees maintain a good work-life balance which will naturally boost their morale.
Team building activities such as games, contests, outdoor trips etc can also be ideal morale boosters for work. Providing a good work environment is also a necessity to boost the morale of the employees. Employers can have a feedback session at least once in a month in which the employees will be free to state whether they are satisfied with the facilities provided to them and what else do they expect from the organization.
How to Boost Morale Yourself?
Though boosting the employee morale is a task which should be done by the employers, the employees should also boost their morale themselves through self motivation. One can increase interest in one's work by being physically fit. So, exercising regularly, playing games, meditation, relaxation therapies can help to make your mind stable. There are times in a professional career when one gets frustrated. So, learning anger management techniques can also help to motivate the employees. Practicing your favorite hobbies such as painting, music, singing, sculpture etc can help you to relax your mind. This can also help you increase your energy levels and concentrate at your workplace.
Spending time with your family can give you inspiration to give your best at your place of work. You can also consider the idea of taking a few days off and going for a holiday with your family to get a change from your daily routine. You can read more on:
- Creative Team Building Activities
- Employee Motivation Techniques
- Employee Motivation Strategies
Morale boosters for work can certainly help you bring out the best in a person. All the best!
Average Heart Rate During Exercise
Heart rate is nothing but the number of times a heart beats per minute (BPM). The normal heart rate varies from person to person depending upon the age, overall health and physical activity performed by the person. Heart rate is not constant all the time and it fluctuates because of change in physical and mental stress. Your heart supplies oxygenated blood to all parts of the body and as the demand for blood and oxygen increases, the heart has to beat faster to meet the needs of the body. Thus, heart rate depends on the demand of blood in the body. The heart rate during exercise is therefore high and it is low while resting. If you've been inactive, then measuring your heart rate during exercise is especially important. You should not get tired quickly. For this, you should be aware of target and average heart rate during exercise.
Average Heart Rate During Exercise
The normal resting heart rate for children (6-15 years) is 70 to 100 BPM. The normal adult heart rate is about 60 to 100 BPM at rest. This resting heart rate increases with age. Healthy individuals, whose hearts function efficiently and who enjoy cardiovascular fitness, have a comparatively lower heart rate. If your body is conditioned and toned, less beats per minute will be required to pump blood to your body. You might be surprised to know that in a well-trained athlete, the heart rate may be as low as 40 to 60 BPM. Does heart rate increase during exercise? Yes, the heart rate during exercise will be higher than the normal heart rate.
The maximum heart rate or Max HR is useful to measure the training intensities of an athlete, as it is measured individually. The maximum heart rate (Max HR) is obtained when you subtract your age from 220. So, if you are 35 years old, it would be 185. The average and healthy heart rate during exercise would be around 50 to 60% of your maximum heart rate. So, for a 35 year old individual the average and healthy heart rate will be somewhere around 92 and 110. Slight variation depending upon the sex and the constitution of the individual is considered as normal. It is better if you can stay within 50 to 85 percent of your maximum heart rate during exercise. Read more on how to determine target heart rate.
Target Heart Rate During Exercise
As mentioned above, staying within 50 to 85 percent of your max HR is recommended. This range is known as your target heart rate during exercise. The following table shows the estimated target heart rates during workouts for different ages. The figures are averages, so you should use them as general guidelines.
| Age | Target Heart Rate Zone (50-85%) | Average Maximum Heart Rate (100 %) |
| 20 years | 100-170 BPM | 200 BPM |
| 25 years | 98-166 BPM | 195 BPM |
| 30 years | 95-162 BPM | 190 BPM |
| 35 years | 93-157 BPM | 185 BPM |
| 40 years | 90-153 BPM | 180 BPM |
| 45 years | 88-149 BPM | 175 BPM |
| 50 years | 85-145 BPM | 170 BPM |
| 55 years | 83-140 BPM | 165 BPM |
| 60 years | 80-136 BPM | 160 BPM |
| 65 years | 78-132 BPM | 155 BPM |
| 70 years | 75-128 BPM | 150 BPM |
Read more on:
- Optimal Heart Rate
- Ideal Heart Rate to Burn Fat
If you are taking high blood pressure medicines, you should consult your physician for the ideal heart rate during exercise. You may like to read more on blood pressure during exercise.
I hope you find the above information helpful. Your heart rate during exercise reflects your overall health and also the health of your heart. You should try to keep your heart rate slow and steady.
Origami Rose Step by Step Instructions
Origami is a very well known Japanese art of making different formations like animals, flowers, plants and objects with paper. Origami only involves folding the paper in such a way that it doesn't need to be cut or pasted. Thus, it is a very creative art which can be taught to kids at home and at school to test their creativity. One such simple formation is the origami rose which takes less than 10 minutes to be made and all you have to do is fold it in the appropriate manner. Though a little tricky, the origami rose needs little practice to master it and this can be done by following a certain set of instructions to do so. These roses can be used as beautiful home decor pieces by making a bouquet of them using bright colored paper. Thus find out the tricks in making an origami rose step by step from the instructions given below.
Origami Rose Step by Step Instructions
As mentioned earlier, the origami rose is one of the simplest formations that can be made by following a few tricks and instructions. Since there is no glue and scissors involved in making this, it takes less time and doesn't get messy. And once the roses are made, they look neat and lovely pieces of art. There are many styles used in making an easy origami rose step by step, but we will consider only one style. Read on to find out these basic and easy steps for an origami rose. More on origami rose instructions.
Step 1
The first instruction to know how to make an origami rose step by step is to take a square piece of origami paper and if it is normal paper, make a square out of it. If you don't know how to make a square out of it, simply make a triangle and then cut of the extra strip of paper from the side.
Step 2
Now keep the square piece of paper on a flat surface and create four triangles from the four corners. Fold the corners of the square to the center to make these four triangles.
Step 3
Then repeat the second step for these four corners of the smaller square. By taking the newly folded square fold the corers in the center again and this will make a second square. The new triangles will now cover the loose flaps from the first folds. Read more on how to make origami flowers.
Step 4
Turn the square over so the loose triangles will be facing down and then fold new triangles on the back. Like the first two times, each of the earlier triangles will meet again in the center of the square. Once you have made the third square from the first two, your paper will start to feel a bit bulky so make deliberate creases going forward.
Step 5
Now the square over again so you have four loose flaps pointing towards the center of the square. Take the upper left hand flap and start folding it over the outside point which is also called as the "reverse fold". Do this fold till it has folded over itself to the other side. You can use both hands and do the reverse fold by placing the finger on the outside point of the fold you are going over. Try not to tear the paper, as this part is tricky, but even if it does, it is fine, try again. More on origami flowers for kids.
Step 6
Repeat the 5th step for all the four corners until you have made petals on the opposite side of where you started. And when you are finished, you will have a beautiful paper rose. You can make a number of these roses in many colors by using colored paper and try to elaborate them. If you want to make bigger and more complicated origami rose step by step, use a bigger paper, in which you can add many more folds. You can make many other origami flowers with this wonderful art for kids as well as yourselves.
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With these simple instructions to make an origami rose step by step, you must have realized how simple it is to make this art. So, take your time to master it and have fun in making many such origami roses.
How to Keep Cats Out of Gardens?
Keeping cats away from your garden may seem a little hard, but not impossible. There are various methods for protecting your garden from the unwanted invasion of cats, or preventing cats from making your garden a litter box. However, the most crucial point is to adopt the method that not only works, but works safely and effectively. In other words, you need to opt for the method that does not cause any harm to cats and the environment. So, here are a few simple, yet effective strategies or cat repellents for gardens and yard.
How to Keep Cats Out of Gardens?
Though, keeping cats out of gardens may seem difficult, but following these easy tips and solutions might relieve you of your pesky neighborhood cat.
Ultrasonic Cat Repellents for Gardens
Ultrasonic cat repellent is a device that takes the help of high frequency sound to deter cats from entering a particular area like, the garden or yard. The sound emitted by the device is inaudible to humans, but quite uncomfortable for cats. The device emits ultrasonic sound, whenever a cat happens to walk or move past it. However, some cats, especially those having hearing problems can be immune to this device. Moreover, it may take a little bit of time for this method to be fully effective.
Electric Fence
Electric fence is another way to keep cats away from the yard and the garden. However, the voltage used should be low enough to not cause any harm to the cats or any other creatures that come in contact with the fence. So, adequate care needs to be taken while using electric fence for deterring cats.
Water
This is perhaps, one of the simplest ways to keep cats out of the garden. We all know that cats dislike to be squirted with water. So, a squirt gun or a motion-sensing sprinkler system can work well for repelling cats. The motion-sensing sprinkler can be a bit expensive, and it squirts water on not only the cats but anyone who enters the particular area. This is the main disadvantage of motion-sensing sprinkler system.
Natural Cat Repellents for Gardens
Natural cat repellents are the environment friendly products that can prevent cats from entering your garden. Cat has a strong sense of smell, and it hates certain scents in particular. The scent of citrus fruits is one such scent that repels cats. So, you can use orange or lime peel around your garden to keep cats away from it. You can use this method to keep cats away from the indoor plants as well. Some other natural cat repellents that can be sprinkled around the perimeter of your garden are, cayenne pepper, ginger, coffee grounds and blood meal.
Even certain oils can help you in your endeavor to protect your garden from cat invasion. Oils like, citronella, lemon, lemon grass, peppermint, lavender oil, orange, and eucalyptus oil can be used in this regard. In addition these natural products, another way to protect your garden from cats is to grow cat repelling plant. Certain plants like, coleus canina if planted around the perimeter of your garden can act as an effective cat repellent. Similarly, you can also plant lavender, citronella, lemon and thyme in your garden, while for the perimeter of the garden, you can opt for cacti or a bed of prickly roses. Rue is another plant, whose strong scent repels cats. But, this plant can be toxic for the cats, if they happen to ingest its parts and so, it is not a very safe option for preventing cats from entering your garden. Find out more about homemade cat repellents and how to keep cats out of yard.
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These are some of the cat repellents for gardens, that you can try to protect your garden from cats. However, be sure to avoid any product or strategy that can harm cats and other animals. Nowadays, a great many cat repellents are commercially available. But, before using them, make sure that they are eco-friendly and non-toxic. Another common strategy for repelling cats from the garden and the yard is to use moth balls. Moth balls are no doubt effective cat repellents, but what many people do not know is that they are toxic and they can repel some beneficial insects like, ladybugs. So, before, adopting a particular cat repellent or cat repelling strategy, it is very important to find out whether it is safe and environmental friendly.
